The forearm is placed halfway between flexion and extension and slightly pronated (the biceps being also a supinator) and the thumb or finger on the tendon. A blow on the digit results in flexion of the forearm. The reflex arc is by way of the musculocutaneous nerve and the fifth and sixth cervical segments. The triceps reflex. The forearm is held by the examiner, partly flexed at the elbow and the tendon struck just above the olecranon process. Extension’s of the forearm results. Reflex arc: radial nerve and the sixth and seventh cervical segments. The radials (Brachioradial) reflex. With the elbow partly flexed the hand is placed half way between pronation and supination and the styloid process of the radius tapped.
The result is some supination and flexion at the elbow (the brachioradialis being a flexor). Occasionally there is also flexion of the wrist and fingers. Reflex arc: radial nerve and seventh and eight cervical segments. What is known as inversion of the radial reflex occurs in a lesion of the spinal cord affecting the fifth and sixth cervical segments. On tapping the radial bone the finger flexion reflex is elicited not supination or flexion at the elbow (Walshe, Babinski).
The ulnar pronator reflexes. The hand is held in a position similar to that for eliciting the radial reflex and the styloid process of the ulna tapped. The result is pronation of the hand. Reflex arc: median nerve and eight cervical and first dorsal segments.
The patellar quadriceps reflex’s or knee. The leg is flexed at the knee joint to about 120 degree. The quadriceps tendon is tapped just below the patella. Result: extension at the knee visible and palpable contraction of the quadriceps and occasionally ipsilateral or crossed adduction of the thigh. The last is known as the patella adductor reflex. Reflex arc: femoral nerve and the second, third, and fourth lumbar segments. Loss of the knee jerk used to known as Westphal’s sign.
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